Košljun Island is a serene sanctuary, merely a stone’s throw away from the bustling island of Krk. Though small in size, this miniature island is rich in culture, history, and natural beauty, making it a fascinating destination for travellers seeking tranquillity and a deep dive into Croatia’s heritage.
Its name comes from the Latin word “castellum”, which means castle or a fort.
Geographical overview
Košljun is located in the Bay of Puntarska Draga, off the southern coast of the larger island of Krk, which is itself part of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia. The island is accessible by a short boat ride from the nearby town of Punat. Its area is only approximately 0.07 square kilometres, and its coastline is little more than one kilometre in length.
The island is relatively flat, making it easily explorable on foot. The highest point is only six meters above sea level. It is enveloped by lush Mediterranean vegetation, including dense forests of holm oaks, pines, and olive trees, providing a cool canopy during the warm summer months.
Cultural and historical significance
The centrepiece of Košljun Island is the Franciscan Monastery, which dates back to the 15th century. This monastery is not only a place of spiritual significance but also houses a valuable collection of historical and cultural artifacts, including ancient manuscripts, Glagolitic documents, and ethnographic collections. The monastery’s library is a treasure trove of knowledge, containing over 30,000 volumes.
Before the arrival of Christianity, the Illyrians probably used the island as a settlement or religious site. With the spread of the Roman Empire, the area around Krk came under their control. Košljun, known as “Cassonia” in ancient times, was likely used for various purposes due to its strategic location.
By the 6th century, a small church dedicated to the Virgin Mary was built, marking the beginning of the island’s Christian heritage.
The most significant period in Košljun’s history began in the 12th century when a Benedictine monastery was founded on the site of the early Christian church. This monastery played a crucial role in the religious and cultural life of the region for several centuries. However, in the 15th century, due to various reasons, including declining numbers and the threat of Ottoman raids, the Benedictines left the island.
In 1447, the Franciscan friars took over the monastery. Under Franciscan stewardship, the monastery flourished both spiritually and culturally. The Franciscans were known for their scholarship, and the Košljun monastery became a centre of learning and education. The friars collected a significant library, including many rare and valuable manuscripts and books.
Biodiversity and environmental protection
Košljun Island is a protected cultural monument, and efforts are in place to preserve its natural and historical heritage. The Franciscan friars who reside in the monastery have been stewards of the island’s environment, ensuring the protection of its rich flora and fauna. The island’s forested areas provide a habitat for a diverse range of bird species, making it a birdwatcher’s paradise.
The museum collections
The museum collections on Košljun are varied and include several notable sections:
Ecclesiastical Artifacts: This collection includes religious art, vestments, rare liturgical books, and manuscripts. It showcases the rich spiritual heritage of the island and the Franciscan order.
Ethnographic Collection: This section displays traditional costumes, tools, and everyday items used by the people of Krk and the surrounding areas.
Natural History Collection: Here, visitors can find a variety of specimens from the island and the Adriatic Sea, including shells, fossils, and botanical samples.
Library: Although not a traditional collection, the monastery’s library is worth noting. It houses a significant number of old books and manuscripts, some of which are rare editions.
Art Collection: The museum also has an art collection that includes works by Croatian and international artists. These pieces range from paintings and sculptures to frescoes, some of which adorn the monastery walls.
Visitors to the island can explore the museum as part of their visit to Košljun. The monastery, with its serene gardens and pathways, provides a peaceful backdrop to the museum experience.
Architectural highlights of the monastery
The monastery is characterized by its simple yet profound architectural style, reflecting the Franciscan order’s values of humility and closeness to nature.
The Church of the Annunciation is at the heart of the monastery complex. Originally built in the Gothic style, it has undergone several renovations.
Surrounding the monastery is a meticulously maintained garden, which serves as both a place of contemplation and a source of food for the monastic community.
The monastery’s sacristy is another treasure trove, housing many sacred vestments and liturgical items, some of which are of significant historical and artistic value.
Though not the most imposing structure, the bell tower of the monastery is a notable feature of the island’s skyline. It serves as a beacon for sailors and a call to prayer for the monastic community, symbolizing the spiritual vocation of Košljun.
Religious and cultural events held on the Košljun island
As the monastery on Košljun is Franciscan, the feast day of St. Francis of Assisi on October 4th is a significant event. It usually involves a special mass and sometimes additional religious ceremonies or processions. This day celebrates the life of St. Francis, who is the patron saint of animals and the environment.
On August 15th, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary into Heaven is celebrated, which is a significant date in the Catholic calendar. This day might be marked by a special mass and communal gatherings, reflecting the deep Marian devotion in Croatian Catholicism.
The island often hosts various cultural events, including classical music concerts, choir performances, and traditional Croatian music nights, especially during the summer months. The monastery’s peaceful and spiritual setting provides a unique backdrop for these performances, making them a memorable experience for attendees.
Given the monastery’s extensive museum collection, which includes ethnographic, archaeological, and sacred art items, there are often educational workshops, guided tours, and temporary exhibitions aimed at both adults and children.
Visitors who wish to participate in these events should check the monastery’s official announcements or contact them directly for accurate dates and details. Some events may require prior registration or have limited access due to the island’s preservation efforts. Being a place of religious significance, respectful behaviour and appropriate attire are expected from all visitors.
Conservation and future challenges
The increase in tourist footfall can lead to environmental degradation in several ways, including littering, pollution, and potential damage to the island’s ecosystems. The maritime environment around Košljun is also at risk from increased boat traffic and potential oil spills, which could harm marine life and the quality of the surrounding waters.
Changes in the climate could alter the island’s marine and terrestrial ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and the natural beauty that attracts visitors. Extreme weather events, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change, can also pose a risk to the island’s infrastructure and the safety of both residents and visitors.
In response to these challenges, stakeholders, including local authorities, the Franciscan community, and environmental organizations, are increasingly focusing on sustainable tourism practices, conservation efforts, and climate change adaptation measures. These efforts aim to ensure that Košljun can continue to be a place of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and spiritual reflection for future generations without compromising its ecological or historical integrity.